{"id":1902,"date":"2026-03-09T06:00:47","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T06:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/riesgoslaboraleseuropreven.com\/?p=1902"},"modified":"2026-03-09T06:00:47","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T06:00:47","slug":"gasos-a-la-soldadura-tipus-riscos-i-proteccio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/riesgoslaboraleseuropreven.com\/ca\/gasos-a-la-soldadura-tipus-riscos-i-proteccio\/","title":{"rendered":"Gasos a la soldadura: tipus, riscos i protecci\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

La soldadura \u00e9s una de les activitats m\u00e9s habituals en sectors com la ind\u00fastria metal\u00b7l\u00fargica, la construcci\u00f3 o el manteniment industrial<\/strong>. Tot i aix\u00f2, darrere de cada cord\u00f3 de soldadura es generen gasos i fums potencialment perillosos que, en moltes ocasions, passen desapercebuts per ser invisibles o imperceptibles a curt termini. <\/p>\n

En aquest article analitzarem quins gasos es generen a la soldadura, quins s\u00f3n els seus principals riscos i quines mesures de protecci\u00f3 s’han d’aplicar<\/strong> per garantir un entorn de treball segur i complir amb la normativa de prevenci\u00f3 de riscos laborals.<\/p>\n

Quins Gasos es generen a la Soldadura?<\/h2>\n

Durant els processos de soldadura es generen diferents gasos i fums met\u00e0l\u00b7lics com a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de les altes temperatures assolides per l’arc el\u00e8ctric o la flama, la fusi\u00f3 del metall base i del material d’aportaci\u00f3, aix\u00ed com la descomposici\u00f3 de recobriments, olis o contaminants presents a les superf\u00edcies.<\/strong><\/p>\n

La composici\u00f3 dels gasos dependr\u00e0 principalment del tipus de soldadura emprada (MIG, TIG, el\u00e8ctrode revestit, oxiacetil\u00e8nica, etc.), del material que s’estigui soldant i de les condicions de ventilaci\u00f3 de l’entorn de treball.<\/p>\n

Gasos de protecci\u00f3 utilitzats en soldadura<\/h3>\n

En processos com MIG o TIG es fan servir gasos per protegir el bany de fusi\u00f3 de la contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica. Tot i que molts no s\u00f3n t\u00f2xics per si mateixos, poden despla\u00e7ar l’oxigen i provocar risc d’asf\u00edxia en espais mal ventilats: <\/p>\n

    \n
  • Arg\u00f3 (Ar)<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Heli (He)<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Di\u00f2xid de carboni (CO\u2082)<\/strong><\/li>\n
  • Barreges d’arg\u00f3 amb CO\u2082 o oxigen<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    El principal risc associat a aquests gasos \u00e9s la reducci\u00f3 de la concentraci\u00f3 d’oxigen a l’ambient, especialment en espais confinats.<\/p>\n

    Gasos t\u00f2xics generats durant el proc\u00e9s<\/h3>\n

    Com a resultat de la calor extrema i les reaccions qu\u00edmiques, poden formar-se gasos altament perillosos:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Mon\u00f2xid de carboni (CO):<\/strong> gas incolor i inodor que pot provocar intoxicacions greus en impedir el transport d’oxigen a la sang.<\/li>\n
    • \u00d2xids de nitrogen (NOx):<\/strong> irritants respiratoris que poden causar edema pulmonar en exposicions elevades.<\/li>\n
    • Oz\u00f3 (O\u2083):<\/strong> generat per la radiaci\u00f3 ultraviolada de l’arc el\u00e8ctric, pot produir irritaci\u00f3 pulmonar i tos persistent.<\/li>\n
    • Fosgen:<\/strong> pot formar-se quan se solden peces amb restes de dissolvents clorats; \u00e9s extremadament t\u00f2xic fins i tot en baixes concentracions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Fums met\u00e0l\u00b7lics<\/h3>\n

      A m\u00e9s dels gasos, la soldadura genera fums formats per part\u00edcules met\u00e0l\u00b7liques molt fines que poden penetrar profundament al sistema respiratori:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Mangan\u00e8s<\/strong><\/li>\n
      • Crom (especialment crom VI en acers inoxidables)<\/strong><\/li>\n
      • N\u00edquel<\/strong><\/li>\n
      • Plom<\/strong><\/li>\n
      • Zinc<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Aquests fums poden causar des de la coneguda \u201cfebre del metall\u201d fins a malalties pulmonars cr\u00f2niques o patologies neurol\u00f2giques en exposicions perllongades.<\/p>\n

        Riscos per a la Salut del Soldador<\/h2>\n

        L’exposici\u00f3 a gasos i fums de soldadura<\/strong> pot tenir conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies importants per a la salut, especialment quan no s’apliquen mesures adequades de ventilaci\u00f3 i protecci\u00f3. Molts d’aquests contaminants s\u00f3n invisibles i inodors, cosa que augmenta el risc d’exposici\u00f3 perllongada sense que el treballador sigui plenament conscient. <\/p>\n

        Efectes aguts<\/h3>\n

        Es produeixen despr\u00e9s d’exposicions intenses o en ambients mal ventilats. Els s\u00edmptomes poden apar\u00e8ixer de forma immediata o en poques hores: <\/p>\n

          \n
        • Irritaci\u00f3 d’ulls, nas i gola<\/strong><\/li>\n
        • Tos seca i dificultat respirat\u00f2ria<\/strong><\/li>\n
        • Marejos, mal de cap i n\u00e0usees<\/strong><\/li>\n
        • Sensaci\u00f3 de fatiga extrema<\/strong><\/li>\n
        • Febre del metall (especialment per exposici\u00f3 a vapors de zinc)<\/strong><\/li>\n
        • Intoxicaci\u00f3 per mon\u00f2xid de carboni, que pot provocar p\u00e8rdua de consci\u00e8ncia<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          En espais confinats, el despla\u00e7ament d’oxigen per gasos inerts pot generar risc d’asf\u00edxia, una de les situacions m\u00e9s greus en feines de soldadura.<\/p>\n

          Efectes cr\u00f2nics<\/h3>\n

          Quan l’exposici\u00f3 \u00e9s repetida i perllongada en el temps, es poden desenvolupar patologies de m\u00e9s gravetat:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Malalties pulmonars cr\u00f2niques<\/strong><\/li>\n
          • Asma ocupacional<\/strong><\/li>\n
          • Bronquitis cr\u00f2nica<\/strong><\/li>\n
          • Dany neurol\u00f2gic associat a l’exposici\u00f3 al mangan\u00e8s<\/strong><\/li>\n
          • Major risc de c\u00e0ncer (especialment per exposici\u00f3 a crom hexavalent i n\u00edquel)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Diversos organismes internacionals han classificat els fums de soldadura com a agents cancer\u00edgens, cosa que refor\u00e7a la import\u00e0ncia d’aplicar controls estrictes a l’entorn laboral.<\/p>\n

            Factores que agravan el riesgo<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • Treballar en espais confinats<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • Manca de ventilaci\u00f3 adequada<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • No utilitzar equips de protecci\u00f3 respirat\u00f2ria<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • Soldar materials amb recobriments sense neteja pr\u00e8via<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • Exposici\u00f3 perllongada sense vigil\u00e0ncia de la salut<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \"\"<\/p>\n

              Mesures Preventives davant dels Gasos de Soldadura<\/h2>\n

              La prevenci\u00f3 davant dels gasos i fums de soldadura<\/strong> s’ha d’abordar des d’un enfocament integral, aplicant el principi de la jerarquia de mesures preventives: primer, mesures t\u00e8cniques, despr\u00e9s organitzatives i, com a complement, equips de protecci\u00f3 individual (EPI). L’objectiu \u00e9s reduir l’exposici\u00f3 al nivell m\u00e9s baix possible i complir els l\u00edmits d’exposici\u00f3 professional establerts a la normativa. <\/p>\n

              Mesures t\u00e8cniques (priorit\u00e0ries)<\/h3>\n

              S\u00f3n les m\u00e9s eficaces perqu\u00e8 actuen directament sobre el focus d’emissi\u00f3 o l’ambient de treball.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Ventilaci\u00f3 general adequada:<\/strong> Garanteix la renovaci\u00f3 de l’aire al taller i evita l’acumulaci\u00f3 de contaminants.<\/li>\n
              • Sistemes d’extracci\u00f3 localitzada:<\/strong> \u00c9s la mesura m\u00e9s recomanable. Consisteix a captar els fums directament al punt on es generen mitjan\u00e7ant bra\u00e7os articulats o campanes d’aspiraci\u00f3. <\/li>\n
              • Cabines o pantalles de soldadura amb extracci\u00f3 integrada:<\/strong> Especialment \u00fatils en treballs repetitius o en parades fixes.<\/li>\n
              • Substituci\u00f3 de materials o processos:<\/strong> Quan sigui possible, optar per t\u00e8cniques que generin menys emissions o utilitzar consumibles menys perillosos.<\/li>\n
              • Neteja pr\u00e8via de superf\u00edcies: <\/strong>Eliminar pintures, greixos, olis o dissolvents abans de soldar redueix la generaci\u00f3 de gasos t\u00f2xics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Equips de Protecci\u00f3 Individual (EPI)<\/h3>\n

                Quan les mesures t\u00e8cniques no eliminen completament el risc, \u00e9s obligatori utilitzar protecci\u00f3 respirat\u00f2ria adequada.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Mascaretes autofiltrants (FFP2 o FFP3):<\/strong> Adequades per a determinades concentracions de fums.<\/li>\n
                • Equips de protecci\u00f3 respirat\u00f2ria amb filtres espec\u00edfics:<\/strong> Filtres combinats per a part\u00edcules i gasos segons el contaminant identificat.<\/li>\n
                • Equips de respiraci\u00f3 aut\u00f2noma:<\/strong> Imprescindibles en espais confinats o quan hi hagi risc d’atmosfera perillosa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u00c9s fonamental que els EPI estiguin correctament seleccionats, ajustats al treballador i mantinguts en bon estat.<\/p>\n

                  Mesures organitzatives<\/h3>\n

                  Complementen les t\u00e8cniques i ajuden a reduir l’exposici\u00f3 acumulada.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Avaluaci\u00f3 espec\u00edfica del risc per agents qu\u00edmics.<\/strong><\/li>\n
                  • Mesurament peri\u00f2dic de contaminants a l’aire.<\/strong><\/li>\n
                  • Formaci\u00f3 i informaci\u00f3 als treballadors.<\/strong><\/li>\n
                  • Procediments de treball segur.<\/strong><\/li>\n
                  • Rotaci\u00f3 de tasques per limitar el temps d’exposici\u00f3.<\/strong><\/li>\n
                  • Vigil\u00e0ncia de la salut espec\u00edfica per a soldadors.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Control en espais confinats<\/h3>\n

                    En treballs en dip\u00f2sits, t\u00fanels o estructures tancades, cal aplicar mesures addicionals:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Mesurament previ i continu d’oxigen i gasos t\u00f2xics.<\/strong><\/li>\n
                    • Ventilaci\u00f3 for\u00e7ada.<\/strong><\/li>\n
                    • Perm\u00eds de treball espec\u00edfic.<\/strong><\/li>\n
                    • Pres\u00e8ncia de recurs preventiu.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Serveis de Prevenci\u00f3 de Riscos Laborals<\/h2>\n

                      Els gasos de la soldadura s\u00f3n un risc invisible, per\u00f2 les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies poden ser molt reals si no es gestionen correctament.<\/strong> La vostra empresa ha avaluat l’exposici\u00f3 a fums i gasos als llocs de soldadura? Disposeu de mesuraments ambientals actualitzats i sistemes d’extracci\u00f3 adequats? <\/p>\n

                      No esperis que apareguin els primers s\u00edmptomes per actuar. La prevenci\u00f3 \u00e9s la millor inversi\u00f3 en seguretat, salut i productivitat. Contacta amb nosaltres i sol\u00b7licita una avaluaci\u00f3 personalitzada per a la teva empresa.<\/strong><\/p>\n

                      <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      La soldadura \u00e9s una de les activitats m\u00e9s habituals en sectors com la ind\u00fastria metal\u00b7l\u00fargica, la construcci\u00f3 o el manteniment industrial. Tot i aix\u00f2, darrere de cada cord\u00f3 de soldadura es generen gasos i fums potencialment perillosos que, en moltes ocasions, passen desapercebuts per ser invisibles o imperceptibles a curt termini. En aquest article analitzarem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1898,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1902","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-ca"],"yoast_head":"\n\u25b7 Gasos a la Soldadura: tipus, riscos i protecci\u00f3 \u30102026\u3011<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/riesgoslaboraleseuropreven.com\/ca\/gasos-a-la-soldadura-tipus-riscos-i-proteccio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u25b7 Gasos a la Soldadura: tipus, riscos i protecci\u00f3 \u30102026\u3011\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La soldadura \u00e9s una de les activitats m\u00e9s habituals en sectors com la ind\u00fastria metal\u00b7l\u00fargica, la construcci\u00f3 o el manteniment industrial. Tot i aix\u00f2, darrere de cada cord\u00f3 de soldadura es generen gasos i fums potencialment perillosos que, en moltes ocasions, passen desapercebuts per ser invisibles o imperceptibles a curt termini. En aquest article analitzarem […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/riesgoslaboraleseuropreven.com\/ca\/gasos-a-la-soldadura-tipus-riscos-i-proteccio\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Riesgos Laborales Europreven\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-09T06:00:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/riesgoslaboraleseuropreven.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/riesgos-de-gases-en-la-soldadura.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Marc Grau\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Marc Grau\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta 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Tot i aix\u00f2, darrere de cada cord\u00f3 de soldadura es generen gasos i fums potencialment perillosos que, en moltes ocasions, passen desapercebuts per ser invisibles o imperceptibles a curt termini. 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